Gottlieb, Anna Shaw, Chris Smith, Alan Wheatley, Andrew Forsythe, Stephen The toxicity of textile reactive azo dyes after hydrolysis and decolourisation. Thus, all these dyes need to be used with caution to avoid undesirable effects to consumers who may be exposed dermally. The reactive dyes studied may pose a risk to human KC by induction of effects related to modulation of MMP-2 (RB5) and -9 (RB5 and RB2) and generation of ROS (RG19 and RB2).
Switchresx simplified settings ctv ctv rb ctv rb2 skin#
The reactive dyes including RB5 that were previously reported as skin sensitizers failed to induce inflammatory reactions under the conditions tested. DR1 was the only dye able to trigger an immune response such as release of IL-12 cytokine, a potent co-stimulator of T helper 1 cell, which may be considered as a skin immunotoxicant. For this purpose, a cell-based approach was conducted with immortalized human keratinocytes (KC) (HaCaT) using selected biomarkers of cutaneous inflammation including modulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), oxidative stress such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and inflammatory cytokine profile. The aim of this in vitro study was to characterize the immunotoxic potential of reactive ( Reactive Green 19, Reactive Blue 2, Reactive Black 5 ) and disperse (Disperse Red 1 ) textile dyes using a dermal cell line. Thus, there is a growing concern to identify textile dyes potentially as skin immunotoxicants. However, these chemicals have been associated with a variety of adverse human health effects, including textile dermatitis. Several synthetic dyes are used by textile industry for supplying the market of colored clothes. Leme, Daniela Morais Sehr, Andrea Grummt, Tamara Gonçalves, Jenifer Pendiuk Jacomasso, Thiago Winnischofer, Sheila Maria Brochado Potrich, Francine Bittencourt Oliveira, Carolina Camargo de Trindade, Edvaldo da Silva de Oliveira, Danielle Palma In vitro characterization of cutaneous immunotoxicity of immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT) exposed to reactive and disperse textile dyes.
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